The history of formal deduction goes back to Aristotle and Euclid, and the development of mathematical analysis can be traced back to Archimedes. It was not until the middle of the nineteenth century that these developments began to converge, due to the work of Boole and Frege. The subsequent efforts to provide a secure foundation for mathematics led to the discovery around 1900 of the antinomies which engendered a foundational crisis.