In his Hegels Leben Karl Rosenkranz makes the following observation: Hegel's view of Jewish history varied greatly at different times. The phenomenon both repelled and fascinated him, and vexed him as a dark riddle throughout his life. At times, such as in the Phenomenology, he ignored it. At other times, such as in the Philosophy of Right, he placed it in close proximity to the Germanic Spirit. At other times again, such as in the Philosophy of Religion, he placed it on a par with Greek and Roman history, as together constituting the immediate forms of spiritual individuality. Finally — in the Philosophy of History — he made Jewish history part of the Persian Empire. All these are... justified aspects,... but only the whole can satisfy.²