Theodor Adorno's verdict on the relationship between empiricism and metaphysics would perhaps have met with Gilles Deleuze's guarded approval. Chance, for Deleuze, was the sole form of necessity; the empiricist search for the conditions of the new involved a counter-effectuation of the accidents of experience; and events defied the strict modal distinction between possible, impossible and necessary. That the link between empiricism and metaphysics was exemplified for Adorno in the concept of openness might also have met with Deleuze's approval, for openness, according to Adorno, is philosophy thinking beyond itself.