In the Bologna reforms in 1999, a "Europe of knowledge" is considered an "indispensable condition for societal and human development as well as essential component for consolidation and enrichment of the European citizenship." This European space of education is supposed to target international competitiveness, mobility and "employability," and to be achieved by the comparability of consecutive degrees, BA and MA, a unitary credit point system, the promotion of mobility, and the collaboration in quality assurance and Europeanization of academia.