The relation between semantics and semiotics might seem straightforward: semantics is the study of the meaning and reference of linguistic expressions, while semiotics is the general study of signs of all kinds and in all their aspects. Semiotics comprises semantics as a part. Charles Morris (whom Jens Erik Fenstad mentioned in his opening speech) in Foundations of a Theory of Signs, one of the volumes of the Encyclopedia of Unified Science, in 1938, divided semiotics into three branches: syntax, semantics and pragmatics.